SMART ENERGY AUTONOMOUS WIRELESS TRANSCEIVER FÜR IMPLANTIERBARE NEURONALEN SONDEN
Relevant for Research Area
The SEAM-WiT project addresses the challenge of designing an efficient versatile telemetry system for providing a bidirectional wireless data- and power link between an external unit and a biomedical implant. The main goals of the overall system are to guarantee the patient’s comfort with a small system volume, a low specific absorption rate (SAR) for avoiding tissue damaging and a high power transfer efficiency for increasing system lifetime. The system architecture includes an external unit (primary side), which can serve as a handheld device, useable by a doctor. This enables to power biomedical implants wirelessly and to accomplish wireless electrophysiological readout, avoiding transcutaneous wired connections. In addi- tion, the system comprises a unit that is intended to be connected to a biomedical implant (secondary side). The primary and secondary sides establish a wireless power and data transmission system. Thus, both units are inductively linked by a pair of coupled coils. The implant side unit comprises an impedance matching circuit, operating the overall system at the maximum efficiency point. This reduces tissue heating and extends the external bat- tery lifetime. Moreover, the SEAM-WiT team also designed a system including a functional integrated circuit (ASIC) that allows managing an exceptionally high power of up to 250 mW. The IC also handles bidirectional wireless data transmission with very high data rates of up to 200 kbit/s. In order to meet the demands of different application scenarios like Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy or stroke a high speed transceiver was also designed. It operates accord- ing to the Medical Implant Communication Service at 403 MHz and allows receiving data with up to 2 Mbit/s, while needing a remarkably low power of 1 mW. Apart from the electronic development and efficiency optimization, a special focus has been set on the miniaturization of telemetric implants. Therefore, a microcoil cleanroom fabrication process has been established and optimized over the whole project period. The process pro- vides the possibility of maximized system integration due to the miniaturization of the im- planted microcoils used for power and data transmission over an inductive link. The process includes the fabrication of planar copper (or gold) microcoils with a footprint of 2×2.5 mm² on a glass substrate of 300 µm in thickness. As a consequence the processed microcoils were assembled to a CMOS chip equipped with an integrated multisensor system and an RF inter- face designed for the available ISM band of 13.56 MHz. This miniaturized telemetric implant was then powered and read out over a distance of ~3 mm with a custom reader unit based on a commercially available RFID integrated circuit (IC). This implant provides a data trans- mission rate of 27.1 kBit/s and requires a power of 17 mW (45 mW for startup). Thus it is an example of an implant with a relatively high power demand and low data rate. Finally, a microcoil was connected to a Polyimide based LED optrode, tuned to resonance at 13.56 MHz, and powered with the designed reader unit. This wireless optrode provides the possibility of animal experiments in smaller test animals with a reduced level of invasiveness due to the possibility of closing the skull completely.
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